Hammurabi II (reigned Middle 17th century BC -
Middle chronology
The chronology of the ancient Near East is a framework of dates for various events, rulers and dynasties. Historical inscriptions and texts customarily record events in terms of a succession of officials or rulers: "in the year X of king Y". Com ...
) was an obscure king of
Yamhad
Yamhad was an ancient Semitic people, Semitic kingdom centered on Aleppo, Ḥalab (Aleppo), Syria. The kingdom emerged at the end of the 19th century BC, and was ruled by the Yamhad dynasty, Yamhadite dynasty kings, who counted on both military ...
(
Halab
)), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black".
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), probably reigning after
Irkabtum
Irkabtum (reigned c. Middle 17th century BC - Middle chronology ) was the king of Yamhad (Halab) succeeding his father Niqmi-Epuh.
Reign
Irkabtum is referred to in an old Hittites, Hittite letter fragment, but he is known primarily through the Ala ...
.
Identity
Hammurabi II was confused with
Hammurabi III
Hammurabi III (reigned - Middle chronology) was the king of Yamhad (Halab) succeeding Yarim-Lim III.
Identity
Hammurabi III is probably a son of Yarim-Lim III, however there is two confusions regarding his identity.
Confusion with Hammurabi II
...
,
the king of Yamhad who was mentioned as the son of the king of Halab in the annals of
Hattusili I Ḫattušili (''Ḫattušiliš'' in the inflected nominative case) was the regnal name of three Hittite kings:
* Ḫattušili I (Labarna II)
* Ḫattušili II
* Ḫattušili III
It was also the name of two Neo-Hittite kings:
* Ḫattušili I (Laba ...
.
The
Alalakh
Alalakh (''Tell Atchana''; Hittite: Alalaḫ) is an ancient archaeological site approximately northeast of Antakya (historic Antioch) in what is now Turkey's Hatay Province. It flourished, as an urban settlement, in the Middle and Late Bronze Ag ...
tablets AlT 21 and AlT 22, (naturally made before the destruction of Alalakh)
mentions Hammurabi as king, while the Hammurabi mentioned in the Hittites annals (after the destruction of Alalakh)
was attested as the son of king Yarim-Lim and since the destruction of Alalakh occurred while
Yarim-Lim III
Yarim-Lim III (reigned c. Middle 17th century BC - c. 1625 BC - Middle chronology) was the king of Yamhad (Halab) succeeding Hammurabi II.
Reign
Yarim-Lim ascended the throne at a time of internal disintegration for Yamhad, combined with foreign ...
was king, then the Hammurabi in tablets AlT 21 and 22 can not be the same Hammurabi, son and successor of Yarim-Lim III.
Position and Succession
Nothing (except his existence) is known about Hammurabi II. His filiation is unknown but since he is mentioned before the destruction of Alalakh (and Yarim-Lim III was the king during and after the destruction) then he must have been succeeded by Yarim-Lim III (but even this is under debate).
References
Citations
{{reflist, 2
17th-century BC rulers
Kings of Yamhad
People from Aleppo
Amorite kings
Yamhad dynasty
17th-century BC people